Periodontal Disease

What is it?

Periodontal disease is an infection of the tissues that hold the teeth in place. Plaque from bacteria hardens into tartar, inflames the gums, and slowly destroys the bone and ligaments around each tooth. Most adult dogs have some degree of it, and small breeds are hit especially hard.

What signs should I watch for?

Signs to watch for include bad breath; red, swollen, or bleeding gums; brown tartar on the teeth; dropping food or chewing on one side; and loose or missing teeth, pawing at the mouth.

How is it diagnosed and treated?

A full assessment requires a cleaning under anesthesia, with dental X-rays to see damage below the gumline. Teeth are scaled and polished above and below the gums, and badly diseased teeth may need to be removed.

Can it be prevented, and what's the outlook?

• Daily tooth brushing is the gold standard.
• Dental diets and chews can help, and regular professional cleanings keep disease from progressing.
• Untreated infection can affect the whole body, not just the mouth.