Metritis (Uterine Infection After Birth)

What is it?

Metritis is inflammation of the uterus after pregnancy, usually caused by bacteria such as E. coli. A prolonged or difficult delivery, or a retained puppy or placenta, can lead to it.

What signs should I watch for?

The main sign is a pus-like discharge from the vulva. Affected dogs are usually depressed or feverish, eat less, and may neglect their puppies, which may become restless and cry constantly. Some mothers keep straining as if still in labor. Normal discharge after birth (lochia) is dark red to black and heavy for the first few days; discharge that looks like pus or smells bad is not normal.

How is it diagnosed and treated?

Your veterinarian will diagnose it with an exam, X-rays or ultrasound, and laboratory tests. Treatment includes fluids, supportive care, and antibiotics. Medication can also help the uterus push out a retained puppy or placenta. Your veterinarian will advise if and when spaying is appropriate.

Can it be prevented, and what's the outlook?

• Watching the mother's temperature, discharge, and milk after delivery helps catch problems early.
• Having all puppies and placentas accounted for, and a check-up after delivery if you are unsure, can help prevent metritis from a retained puppy or placenta.