Retained Placenta (Afterbirth)

What is it?

Each puppy has its own placenta (afterbirth), which is usually passed within about 15 minutes of the puppy's birth. Mothers often eat the placentas, and several may come out together, so it can be hard to count them. If a placenta does not come out, it can stay in the uterus. Retention of a placenta usually leads to metritis (infection of the uterus).

What signs should I watch for?

Watch the mother after delivery for vomiting, decreased appetite, fever, lethargy, continued straining as if in labor, or a discolored (green) vaginal discharge. VCA advises seeking veterinary help if she develops a bloody or smelly discharge 24 to 48 hours after delivery.

How is it diagnosed and treated?

Your veterinarian may diagnose it with an exam and by feeling the abdomen, and may use blood tests, vaginal cytology, ultrasound, or X-rays to rule out a retained puppy. Oxytocin or prostaglandin, drugs that make the uterus contract, may help expel the placenta. Rarely, surgery is needed, and spaying is a last resort in severe cases.

Can it be prevented, and what's the outlook?

• Many placentas that are not passed right away break down and pass within 24 to 48 hours, often when the mother defecates.
• A veterinary check after delivery helps make sure all puppies and placentas have been delivered, and post-delivery oxytocin may be given if not all placentas were passed.