Umbilical Hernia

What is it?

Before birth, umbilical blood vessels pass through an opening in the belly muscles. If this umbilical ring does not fully close after birth, abdominal lining, fat, or part of an organ can bulge through. The exact cause is unknown, but it runs in some family lines, suggesting a genetic component.

What signs should I watch for?

Look for a soft swelling under the skin at the belly button, on the underside just below the ribs. It often sticks out more when the puppy stands, barks, cries, or strains. Some can be gently pushed back in; others cannot. Umbilical hernias are usually painless.

How is it diagnosed and treated?

Your veterinarian diagnoses it on examination and will note its size and whether it can be pushed back. Small hernias (under about 1 cm) may close on their own by three to four months of age. If it has not closed by the time of spay or neuter, repair is recommended and can be done during the same surgery.

Can it be prevented, and what's the outlook?

• There is no known prevention.
• Most umbilical hernias pose no threat, but rarely intestine or other tissue can become trapped with its blood supply cut off; this is an emergency that needs immediate surgery.
• The outlook after repair is excellent, and recurrence is uncommon.