Respiratory Infections

What is it?

Respiratory infections in snakes are usually bacterial and are most often triggered by husbandry problems, especially enclosures that are too cool, too damp, or dirty. Because snakes can't cough to clear mucus, a mild infection can progress to pneumonia.

What signs should I watch for?

Signs to watch for include bubbles or mucus at the nose or mouth; wheezing, clicking, or gurgling sounds; open-mouth breathing or holding the head up; and lethargy and refusing food.

How is it diagnosed and treated?

Diagnosis may include an exam, X-rays, and samples from the airway for testing. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, sometimes nebulization, fluids, and correcting temperature and humidity.

Can it be prevented, and what's the outlook?

• Caught early, most respiratory infections respond well.
• Correct heat gradients and clean housing are key to prevention.
• Some viruses also cause respiratory disease, so new snakes should be quarantined.