Vaginal Hyperplasia and Prolapse

What is it?

Vaginal hyperplasia (vaginal overgrowth, vaginal prolapse) happens when the tissue of the vagina swells during heat because of estrogen. It is most common in young dogs.

What signs should I watch for?

The main sign is swollen, fleshy tissue that can be seen through or protruding from the vulva during heat. Dogs may lick or injure the exposed tissue.

How is it diagnosed and treated?

Your veterinarian will diagnose it from the history, a physical exam, and laboratory tests. It resolves on its own once the estrogen phase of the heat cycle ends. If it is not causing problems, treatment may not be needed. Care may include daily cleaning of the area, preventing injury, antibiotic ointment, and an Elizabethan collar (cone) to stop licking.

Can it be prevented, and what's the outlook?

• It usually comes back with every heat.
• It can interfere with breeding, though affected dogs can be bred by artificial insemination.
• Spaying cures it in dogs that will not be bred.