Parvovirus

What is it?

Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious virus that attacks the intestinal lining and the immune system. It spreads through infected stool and survives in the environment for months. Unvaccinated puppies are at the greatest risk.

What signs should I watch for?

Signs to watch for include severe vomiting; diarrhea, often bloody and foul-smelling; lethargy and loss of appetite; fever or low body temperature; and rapid dehydration.

How is it diagnosed and treated?

A quick in-clinic stool test can confirm the virus. There's no cure that undoes the damage, but a newer monoclonal antibody treatment can block the virus, alongside intensive supportive care: fluids, anti-nausea medicine, nutrition, and protection against secondary infection, usually in the hospital.

Can it be prevented, and what's the outlook?

• Vaccination is highly effective.
• Puppies need a full series, and should avoid dog parks and unknown dogs until protected.
• Most treated puppies survive; untreated cases are often fatal.